Immunoglobulins: These are antibodies present in blood which are produced by B cells and are used by immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria, virus and any foreign objects. These immunoglobulins recognize the antigen part of the foreign body entering into the human body which can be bacteria, virus, fungus, spores, […]
Taste perception by different papilla and taste buds and the nerves associated
Taste perception by tongue is possible with the help of taste buds present in the papilla present on surface of tongue, all but filliform papilla contain taste buds. It was first described by Harvard Psychologist D.P Hanig in a German paper (Zur Psychophysik des Geschmackssinnes) about the location of different types of taste perception on […]
Structures of Dentin
Dentin is a Light Yellowish Viscoelastic material made up of Inorganic (Hydroxyapetitie) and Organic (collagenous fibrils and mucopolysaccharides) material which is harder than bone. Dentin thickness is 3-10 mm based on the location. Dentin is made up of dentinal tubules which are S shaped and perpendicular to Dentino enamel junction and Cementoneamel junction. Dentin is […]
Abnormalities in physiologic stages of tooth development
Tooth development is divided into 4 stages based on physiological process of tooth growth: Initiation: It is a part of Bud Stage. For Initiation Epithelial Ectomesenchymal interactions are essential. Initiation is the first step in the development of tooth. Each tooth has its own initiation time and it is not know how this time is […]
Differences between Fenestration and Dehiscence
Fenestration and Dehiscence are two similar conditions of Tooth which are similar due to bone loss around the tooth but are different by the type of bone loss or bone surrounding it. To understand the differences first let us know about What is Fenestration and What Dehiscence: Definition of Tooth Fenestration: Fenestration are Isolated areas […]
Hormones released from Pituitary Gland and their functions
Pituitary Gland: It is also called as Hypohysis. It is located in a saddle-shaped space in the Sphenoid Bone called the Sella Tursica which is located in the base of the brain in the frontal lobe. The hormones secreted by the Pituitary gland are either secreted by the Hypothalamus or are stimulated by the hormones […]
5 Layers of Scalp
Scalp is the soft tissue layer covering the Bony vault over the brain. Scalp is a fusion of 5 layers of soft tissue. S: Skin C: Superfacial Fascia or Sub Cutaneous Tissue A: Musculo Aponeurotic layer L: Loose sub Aponeurotic layer P: Periosteum S – Skin: It is the layer of the scalp which consists […]
Structures Passing through Foramina of Skull
What is a Foramen: An Opening or Orifice in the skeleton through which structures like Nerves, Arteries, Veins, Muscles and Ligaments pass. There are multiple such foramens on the lower aspect of the skull which act as pathways for the various structures which pass through them. The Cranium is divided into three parts – Anterior […]
Self Correcting Anomalies in Dentistry
Self correcting anomalies are termed as Transient malocclusion, these are not true malocclusion’s but mimic malocclusion during the normal development of dentition and occlusion. they do not need any corrective measures but get corrected themselves as they pass through the developmental stages . Self correcting Anomalies are classified based on the stages of tooth development […]
Cell Components and Functions of Cell Organelles
A Cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of the body. Which is the Basis of all the functions of the body. These are called as the basic building blocks of any Living being. There are many types of cells in the human body which have different functions. Cells are made up of different […]
Differences between Maxillary and Mandibular Incisors – Anatomically
Incisors are the first erupting teeth in both the Deciduous and permanent dentition. There are four Incisors in the Maxillary arch and four Incisors in the Mandibular arch in both deciduous and permanent dentition. The Deciduous Mandibular Central Incisors are the First Teeth to erupt into the oral cavity at an Age of 6 – […]
Embrasures
Embrasures Definition: Two teeth in the same arch are in contact, their curvatures adjacent to the contact areas form Spillway spaces called Embrasures. A Gap between 2 adjacent teeth, as the teeth curve away from the contact area. The Embrassures are usually V-shaped valleys and provide a spill way for food to escape during chewing […]
What are the muscles responsible for Facial Expressions
Facial Expressions is an important part in every person’s life from the start of the day till you sleep showing what you feel etc and it also helps in understand the other person’s feeling without a word being uttered. There are close to 12 types of facial expressions which are possible which have been listed […]
Masticatory Reflexes or Jaw Reflexes
Reflex is a highly stereotyped automated response to a specific stimulus. Masticatory reflexes are a type of stretch reflexes brought about by activation of muscle spindles in the muscles associated with the Mandibular Jaw. There are multiple types of Jaw reflexes which are seen during normal speech, any trauma, chewing etc. Types of Jaw Reflexes: Jaw […]